Keccak advanced to the last round in December 2010. In July 2009, 14 algorithms were selected for the second round. Keccak was accepted as one of the 51 candidates. NIST perceived a need for an alternative, dissimilar cryptographic hash, which became SHA-3.Īfter a setup period, admissions were to be submitted by the end of 2008. Because of the successful attacks on MD5, SHA-0 and SHA-1, SHA-3 is not meant to replace SHA-2, as no significant attack on SHA-2 has been demonstrated. In 2006, NIST started to organize the NIST hash function competition to create a new hash standard, SHA-3. The reference implementation source code was dedicated to public domain via CC0 waiver. RadioGatún, a successor of PANAMA, was designed by Daemen, Peeters, and Van Assche, and was presented at the NIST Hash Workshop in 2006. PANAMA was designed by Daemen and Craig Clapp in 1998. It is based on earlier hash function designs PANAMA and RadioGatún. The Keccak algorithm is the work of Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen (who also co-designed the Rijndael cipher with Vincent Rijmen), Michaël Peeters, and Gilles Van Assche. įor small message sizes, the creators of the Keccak algorithms and the SHA-3 functions suggest using the faster function KangarooTwelve with adjusted parameters and a new tree hashing mode without extra overhead. The purpose of SHA-3 is that it can be directly substituted for SHA-2 in current applications if necessary, and to significantly improve the robustness of NIST's overall hash algorithm toolkit. NIST does not currently plan to withdraw SHA-2 or remove it from the revised Secure Hash Standard. Sponge construction is based on a wide random function or random permutation, and allows inputting ("absorbing" in sponge terminology) any amount of data, and outputting ("squeezing") any amount of data, while acting as a pseudorandom function with regard to all previous inputs. Keccak is based on a novel approach called sponge construction. Keccak's authors have proposed additional uses for the function, not (yet) standardized by NIST, including a stream cipher, an authenticated encryption system, a "tree" hashing scheme for faster hashing on certain architectures, and AEAD ciphers Keyak and Ketje. SHA-3 is a subset of the broader cryptographic primitive family Keccak ( / ˈ k ɛ tʃ æ k/ or / ˈ k ɛ tʃ ɑː k/), designed by Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, Michaël Peeters, and Gilles Van Assche, building upon RadioGatún. Although part of the same series of standards, SHA-3 is internally different from the MD5-like structure of SHA-1 and SHA-2. SHA-3 ( Secure Hash Algorithm 3) is the latest member of the Secure Hash Algorithm family of standards, released by NIST on August 5, 2015. Zero-sum distinguishers exist for the full 24-round Keccak-f, though they cannot be used to attack the hash function itself Preimage attack on Keccak-512 reduced to 8 rounds, requiring 2 511.5 time and 2 508 memory. Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, Michaël Peeters, and Gilles van Assche.ġ2.6 cpb on a typical x86-64-based machine for Keccak-f plus XORing 1024 bits, which roughly corresponds to SHA2-256.
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